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Gravity Flow From Tank

Equipment Description

The unit for this experiment is very simple. It consists a tank filled with water where there are 4 valves found at the bottoms. These valves can opened or closed to investigate the effect of gravity on the flow of the fluid out of the tank.

Background & Theory

To review concepts behind the leaching process, click here.

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

Gallery

Safety

  • Clean area after experiments especially water spills

  • Careful when filling up tank to not overflow

STANDARD OPERATION PROCEDURE

Startup Checklist

  • Cylindrical tank is empty

  • Buckets and trays are beneath apparatus

  • Water valve is closed

  • Check to see if tank is filled with water

Startup Procedure

A. Gravity Tank

1. Fill up tank with water up to past the 25 cm mark1.PNG

2. Place bucket in position to capture discharge water from the orifice pipe.

3. Remove the stopper from the end of the pipe to measure the efflux-time from the desired orifice. Measure the efflux-time when the water level reaches the 24, 23, 22, 21, 20 and 19 cm mark for the two combinations:

a. Horizontal positioning

Diameter of 0.125 in, Length of 6 in, differing orifice shapes

Diameter of 0.305 in, Length of 2 in, differing orifice shapes

b. Vertical positioning

Diameter of 0.247 in, Length of 6 in, differing orifice shapes

Diameter of 0.305 in, Length of 2 in, differing orifice shapes3.PNG

4. Once measurement is complete, place stopper onto pipe to terminate flow and empty the bucket.

B. Procedure For Orifice with length zero

Using the cylindrical tank, measure the efflux-time for the horizontal and vertical orifice with no pipe attached

Horizontal Position

  1. Fill up cylindrical tank with water using water valve

2. Place an empty bucket in position to capture discharged water from the orifice pipe.

3. Measure the efflux-time for the horizontal orifice with no pipe attached.

Vertical Position

1. Fill up cylindrical tank with water using water valve

2. Place an empty bucket in position to capture discharged water from the orifice pipe

3. Measure the efflux-time for the vertical orifice with no pipe attachedveti.PNG

4. Place bucket in position to capture discharge water from the orifice pipe. Measure the efflux-time for the vertical orifice with no pipe attached.

Shutdown Procedure

1. Empty all buckets with water

shutdown.PNG

2. Empty the cylindrical tank

3. Fill the horizontal tanks with water to the required level

Shutdown Checklist

  • Ensure all pipes are capped with plugs in gravity tanks

  • Cylindrical tank is empty

  • Buckets and trays are below apparatus